(二)推理判断题

推理判断题是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，作出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。推理判断题在阅读中属于难度较高的题型，通常占总题数的15%－30%。它主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。常出现的推理题有逻辑推理，知识推理等。这类考题中常出现的词有：infer, imply, suggest, indicate, conclude, learn from, probably, most likely, can, could, might, may等。

常见的命题方式：

From paragraph one we can infer that_________

What can be inferred from the passage?

We can infer from the text that…?

What can we learn from…?

We can conclude from the passage that_______

The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that______

The author implies that_______

This passage would most likely be found in______

The author’s attitude toward…is_________?

推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，掌握文章的真正内涵。(1)要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础；(2)要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全；(3)要忠实于原文，不能主观臆想，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；(4)要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。

【典例1】 Michael Fish may soon be replaced as a weather forecaster by something truly fishier—the shark(鲨鱼)。

Research by a British biology student suggests that sharks could be used to predict storms。

Lauren Smith, 24, is close to completing her study on shark’s ability to sense pressure。

If her studies prove the theory, scientists may be able to monitor the behaviour of sharks to predict bad weather。

…

It has been discovered that a shark senses pressure using hair cells in its balance system。

At the Bimini Shark Lab in the Bahamas, Miss Smith fixed hi-tech sensors to sharks to record pressure and temperature, while also tracking them using GPS (Global Positioning System) technology。

In Aberdeen, she was able to study the effects of tidal(潮汐的) and temperature changes on dogfish—none of which were harmed. She also used a special lab which can mimic(模拟) oceanic pressure changes caused by weather fronts。

She is due to complete her study and graduate later this year. She says she will be looking for a job which will give her the chance to enrich her experience of shark research. (2008·天津卷)

44. The passage is most probably taken from _____。

A. a short-story collection

B. a popular science magazine

C. a research paper

D. a personal diary

45. What do we learn from the first four paragraph of the passage?

A. Sharks may be used to predict bad weather。

B. Sharks’ behaviour can be controlled。

C. Michael Fish is not qualified for his job。

D. Lauren Smith will become a weather forecaster。

如：Mary is due to leave at two o’clock。

【解析】 本文为科普类文章，介绍了一位英国生物系学生对于鲨鱼来预测暴风雨的研究。

44. B 推理判断题。本题适宜用排除法。由文章内容来看这是一篇科普文，A、D可删除，由文章的语言来看，并未出现大量的专业术语，可删除C “a research paper”(科研论文)

45. A 推理判断题。由第一段和第四段可知，前四段所要表达的含义为If her studies prove the theory,  scientists may be able to monitor the behavior of Sharks to predict bad weather。(科学家们可以通过监视鲨鱼的行为来预测不好的天气”。故A 项正确。细节推断题要求学生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。解答此类题，不仅需要我们有一定的社会基础知识，而且还需要对细节以及有关背景知识有一个充分的理解。

【典例2】  It had been some time since Jack had seen the old man. College, carrier, and life itself got in the way. In fact, Jack moved clear across the country in pursuit of the dreams. There, in the rush of his busy life, Jack had little time to think about the past and often no time to spend with his wife and son. He was working on his future, and nothing could stop him。

Over the phone, his mother told him, “Mr. Belser died last night. The funeral is Wednesday。” Memories fleshed through his mind like an old newsreel as he sat quietly remembering his childhood days。

…

Inside he found these words carved: “Jack. Thanks for your time! Harold Belser。”

“Oh. My God! This is the thing he valued most …”

Jack held the watch for a few minutes, then called his assistant and cleared his appointments for the next two days. “Why?” his assistant asked。

“I need some time to spend with my son,” he said.

69. Why did Jack say he needed some time to spend with his son?

A. He was very tired of his work and wanted to have a good rest。

B. He had promised to spare more time to stay with his son。

C. He had missed his son and his family for days。

D. He came to realize the importance of the time with his family。

【解析】 本文属于记叙文，文章由邻居之死而引出一个不容忽视的社会主题：友情、亲情才是最重要的。69. D推理判断题，由文中可知Belser的遗言对Jack触动很大，同时也使他开始领悟到：只有亲人、朋友才是生活中最重要的。因果推断题要求考生根据已知结果推测导致该结果产生的可能原因，考生要准确掌握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。回答推理判断题的试题时，考生一定要牢记，能够直接从文中找到的选项不是正确选项，因为与原文一样的句子不叫推理。只有那些没有在文中直接出现，但根据文中的信息经过推断可以得出的才是符合题意的正确选项。

【典例3】As kids, my friends and I spent a lot of time out in the woods. “The woods” was our part-time address, destination, purpose, and excuse. If I went to a friend’s house and found him not at home, his mother might say, “Oh, he’s out in the woods,